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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 28(5): 1425-1441, maio 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439828

ABSTRACT

Resumo Em 2015, um espectro de anomalias congênitas, incluindo microcefalia, acometeu recém-nascidos como resultado da transmissão vertical pelo vírus zika, posteriormente denominada síndrome congênita do zika (SCZ). Desde então, cerca de 4 mil crianças foram afetadas em 27 países, sendo o Brasil o mais atingido. Cuidadores familiares também têm sido impactados. Esse estudo analisa publicações científicas que investigam as maneiras como a doença afetou as dinâmicas de vida de cuidadores familiares de crianças com SCZ. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa de literatura consultando as bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Embase. Após as etapas de triagem, foram identificados 31 artigos. Os principais resultados foram agrupados em quatro categorias: a) impactos sociais que evidenciaram mudanças nas relações familiares, nos projetos de vida e no convívio social; b) impactos subjetivos - sentimentos de resiliência, solidão, luto, sobrecarga, medo, incerteza e relação com a espiritualidade; c) impactos econômicos e materiais - perda de renda, aumento de despesas, mudança de moradia e desemprego e d) impactos na saúde - despreparo dos serviços, renúncia do cuidado de si, modificações dos padrões nutricionais e de sono, repercussão para a saúde mental e níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão.


Abstract In 2015, a range of congenital anomalies resulting from mother-to-child transmission of the zika virus emerged. Later called congenital zika syndrome (CZS), the condition includes microcephaly. Since then, around 4,000 children have been affected in 27 countries, with Brazil accounting for the largest proportion of cases. Family caregivers have also been affected. This study analyzes the literature on caregivers of children with CZS and how the disease has affected their everyday lives. We conducted an integrative review using the PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and Embase databases. Thirty-one articles were identified for analysis after screening. The findings were grouped into four categories: a) social impacts - changes in family relationships, life projects, and social life; b) subjective impacts - feelings of resilience, loneliness, grief, overburdening, fear, uncertainty, and spirituality and religion; c) economic and material impacts - loss of income, increased household expenses, change of residence, and unemployment; and d) health impacts - service unpreparedness, selflessness, self-care, changes in nutritional and sleep patterns, and mental health problems, including stress, anxiety and depression.

2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 80(1): 3-14, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429935

ABSTRACT

Abstract In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared Zika virus (ZIKV) infection a public health emergency of international concern because it caused congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The CZS is considered a specific pattern of birth defects caused by ZIKV infection, which is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The CZS clinical manifestations are broad and nonspecific, including microcephaly, subcortical calcifications, ocular alterations, congenital contractures, early hypertonia, and pyramidal as well as extrapyramidal symptoms. The ZIKV has gained great importance because it has affected a large percentage of the population worldwide during the last few years, despite the measures implemented by international organizations. The pathophysiology and non-vectorial transmission routes of the virus are still under study. The diagnosis is made upon suspicion of ZIKV infection, the patient's clinical manifestations, and it is confirmed by molecular laboratory tests demonstrating the presence of viral particles. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or vaccine for this condition; however, patients receive multidisciplinary care and constant monitoring. Therefore, the strategies that have been implemented are directed toward preventive measures and vector control.


Resumen En febrero de 2016, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró a la infección por virus Zika una emergencia de salud pública de importancia internacional por ser la causa del síndrome congénito por virus Zika. Este síndrome es considerado un patrón específico de defectos al nacimiento causados por la infección por virus Zika, que se transmite por la picadura del mosquito vector Aedes aegypti y cuyas manifestaciones clínicas son amplias e inespecíficas, entre las que destacan microcefalia, calcificaciones subcorticales, alteraciones oculares, contracturas congénitas, hipertonía temprana y síntomas de afectación piramidal y extrapiramidal. Este virus ha tomado gran importancia debido a que durante los últimos años ha afectado a un gran porcentaje de la población en todo el mundo, a pesar de las medidas implementadas por organizaciones internacionales. La fisiopatología y las vías de transmisión no vectorial de la infección aún siguen en estudio. El diagnóstico se realiza ante la sospecha por las manifestaciones clínicas del paciente, y se confirma mediante pruebas moleculares de laboratorio en las que se demuestre la presencia de partículas virales. Desafortunadamente, no existe aún un tratamiento ni una vacuna específica para este padecimiento; sin embargo, los pacientes reciben cuidados multidisciplinarios y monitorización constante. Las estrategias que se han implementado se dirigen hacia medidas preventivas de la infección y el control de los vectores.

3.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 27: e220547, 2023. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506458

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a organização e estrutura que a Rede de Cuidados à Pessoa com Deficiência (RCPD) oferece às crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV) na Região de Saúde de Salvador (BA). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que cotejou Itinerários Terapêuticos, das crianças com SCZV com a percepção, de gestores e profissionais da RCPD, sobre o funcionamento da rede. Ainda que existam concordâncias entre entrevistados, há problemas evidenciados somente pelas cuidadoras. Não existem mecanismos de regulação assistencial definidos entre os serviços da RCPD, levando as cuidadoras a navegarem pelo sistema de forma desgovernada em busca de assistência. A fragmentação do cuidado revelada impede o cuidado continuado e coordenado entre os diferentes serviços de saúde, resultando em intervenções pontuais. A SCZV coloca a proposta de RCPD em xeque, uma vez que há pouca congruência entre as trajetórias percorridas e a política nacional instituída.(AU)


Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the organization and structure that the Persons with Disabilities Care Network (RCPD) offers children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in the Salvador Health Region (BA). We conducted a qualitative study to investigate the experiences of the children's caregivers based on therapeutic itineraries and the perceptions of RCPD managers and professionals. Despite general agreement between the interviewees, only the caregivers highlighted problems. There are no health care regulation defined among the RCPD services, meaning that caregivers had to browse the system aimlessly to search for care. The fragmentation of care revealed by the findings prevents the provision of continuous care coordinated between the different health services, resulting in ad hoc care interventions. CZS highlights the limitations of the RCPD, demonstrating the incongruence between practice and national policy.(AU)


Resumen Analizar la organización y estructura que la Red de Cuidados de la Persona con Discapacidad (RCPD) ofrece a los niños con Síndrome Congénito del Zika Virus (SCZV) en la Región de Salud de Salvador (Estado de Bahia). Investigación cualitativa que compara la experiencia de las cuidadoras de los niños con SCZV por medio de Itinerarios Terapéuticos y la percepción de gestores y profesionales de la RCPD. Aunque existen concordancias entre entrevistados, hay problemas que solamente son puestos en evidencia por las cuidadoras. No hay mecanismos de reglamentación asistencial definidos entre los servicios de la RCPD, haciendo que las cuidadoras naveguen por el sistema de manera desgobernada en busca de asistencia. La fragmentación del cuidado revelada impide el cuidado continuado y coordinado entre los diferentes servicios de salud, resultando en intervenciones puntuales. El SCZV pone en jaque la propuesta de RCPD puesto que hay poca congruencia entre las trayectorias recorridas y la política nacional instituida.(AU)

4.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 22(4): 739-751, Oct.-Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1422675

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to describe the motor development, in the first two years of life, of children with evidence of congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS) at birth and of children exposed to the Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy, but without evidence of CZS. Methods: systematic review, according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). The search took place in the VHL/LILACS interface and BIREME/ PubMed interface databases until March 2020. Two researchers analyzed the quality of the studies using the Johanna Briggs Institute methodology. Results: 21 articles were selected. Children with CZS have severe impairment of motor functions and a high prevalence of spastic cerebral palsy. At two years of life, most reached only early levels of motor development; with impaired vision, hearing, language, cognition, behavior, and social interaction. On the other hand, children exposed to ZIKV, but without evidence of CZS, are at lower risk, about 20% have late manifestations of delay and/or neurodevelopmental disorder. Variables associated with greater motor impairment are early maternal infection, preterm birth, lower head circumference, abnormal imaging, use of anticonvulsant, increasing age, arthrogryposis, epilepsy, deficits in vision, language, cognition, and lower income. Conclusion: Most children with CZS show severe motor impairment; a small part of those exposed to ZIKV, without evidence of the syndrome at birth, have alteration in neurodevelopment. Those children should be followed in the long-term, since some manifestations may occur belatedly.


Resumo Objetivos: analisar o desenvolvimento motor, nos dois primeiros anos de vida, de crianças com evidências da síndrome congênita pelo Zika vírus (SCZ) ao nascimento e de crianças expostas ao Zika vírus (ZIKV) durante a gestação, mas sem evidências da SCZ. Métodos: revisão sistemática, segundo as recomendações da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). A busca ocorreu nas bases BVS/interface LILACS e BIREME/interface PubMed até março de 2020. Duas pesquisadoras analisaram a qualidade dos estudos pela metodologia do Johanna Briggs Institute. Resultados: entre 184 publicações, selecionou-se 21 artigos. Crianças com a SCZ apresentam grave comprometimento das funções motoras e alta prevalência de paralisia cerebral espástica. Aos dois anos de vida, a maior parte atingiu apenas níveis iniciais do desenvolvimento motor; com comprometimento da visão, audição, linguagem, cognição, comportamento e interação social. Já as crianças expostas ao ZIKV, mas sem evidências da SCZ, estão em menor risco, cerca de 20% apresentam manifestações tardias de atraso e/ou anormalidade do neurodesenvolvimento. Variáveis associadas a maior comprometimento motor são: infecção materna precoce, nascimento pré-termo, menor perímetro cefálico, exame de imagem anormal, uso de anticonvulsivante, aumento da idade, artrogripose, epilepsia, déficits da visão, linguagem, cognição, e menor renda. Conclusão: a maioria das crianças com SCZ apresenta grave comprometimento motor; pequena parte das expostas ao ZIKV, sem evidências da síndrome ao nascimento, tem alteração no neurodesenvolvimento. Estas crianças devem ser acompanhadas por longo prazo, pois algumas manifestações podem ser tardias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Motor Skills Disorders , Neurodevelopmental Disorders , Zika Virus , Zika Virus Infection , Microcephaly
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(9): 3679-3688, set. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394240

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe if the victims of the Zika have access to essential public policies to guarantee social rights. Methods: We used a cross-sectional study of a historical cohort of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in a reference hospital. CZS diagnosis was based on the Ministry of Health protocol. The variables analyzed were sociodemographic and social rights of children. Results: Of the 161 children seen from April 2016 to July 2018, 42 were diagnosed with CZS. Of these, 37 children participated in the study and 75.7% of them had severe neurological disorders. Anticonvulsants were used by 73% of the children, with 81% paid by families. The families were also responsible for purchasing nutritional formulas and diapers in, respectively, 79% and 100% of cases, and 89% of the children had access to rehabilitation therapy, although 70% of them faced several barriers to do it. Of the 24 working mothers, 83% did not return to the labor market after the birth of their children. Conclusions: The results showed that the families were at an intersection between the integral activity of caring for a child with severe disabilities and inefficient and omissive public authorities, a disincentive and discouraging context that made them give up in seeking their rights.


Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar se as vítimas da epidemia da Zika têm acesso às políticas públicas essenciais à garantia dos direitos sociais. Métodos: Estudo transversal de uma coorte histórica de crianças com síndrome da Zika congênita (SZC) em um hospital de referência. Utilizou-se o protocolo do Ministério da Saúde para o diagnóstico de SZC. As variáveis analisadas foram características sociodemográficas e direitos sociais das crianças. Resultados: Das 161 crianças avaliadas de abril/2016 a julho/2018, 42 apresentavam SZC. Destas, 37 participaram do estudo, 75,7% com grave comprometimento neurológico. Anticonvulsivantes eram utilizados em 73% dos casos, 81% custeados pelas famílias. As famílias ainda custeavam fórmulas nutricionais (79%) e fraldas (100%). A terapia de reabilitação era realizada por 89% das crianças, embora 70% enfrentassem diversas barreiras para tal. Das 24 mães que trabalhavam, 83% não retornaram ao mercado de trabalho após o nascimento dos filhos. Conclusões: As famílias estavam situadas na interseção entre a atividade integral de cuidado de um filho com deficiências graves e a ineficiência e omissão do poder público, um contexto de desincentivo e desalento que, vencendo-as pelo cansaço, fazia com que muitas acabassem desistindo de tentar buscar seus direitos.

6.
J. bras. econ. saúde (Impr.) ; 14(2)Ago. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | ECOS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1412804

ABSTRACT

Objective: The study aims to estimate catastrophic health expenditures associated with the diagnosis and follow-up treatment of Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in children affected during the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil. Catastrophic health expenditures are defined as health spending that exceeds a predefined proportion of the household's total expenditures, exposing family members to financial vulnerability. Methods: Ninety-six interviews were held in the cities of Fortaleza and Rio de Janeiro in a convenience sample, using a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and private household expenditures associated with the syndrome, which also allowed estimating catastrophic expenditures resulting from care for CZS. Results: Most of the mothers interviewed in the study were brown, under 34 years of age, unemployed, and reported a monthly family income of two minimum wages or less. Spending on medicines accounted for 77.6% of the medical expenditures, while transportation and food were the main components of nonmedical expenditures, accounting for 79% of this total. The affected households were largely low-income and suffered catastrophic expenditures due to the disease. Considering the family income metric, in 41.7% of the households, expenses with the child's disease exceeded 10% of the household income. Conclusion: Public policies should consider the financial and healthcare needs of these families to ensure adequate support for individuals affected by CZS.


Objetivo: O estudo tem como objetivo estimar os gastos catastróficos em saúde associados ao diagnóstico e acompanhamento do tratamento da síndrome congênita do Zika (SCZ) em crianças afetadas durante a epidemia de 2015-2016 no Brasil. Gastos catastróficos em saúde são definidos como gastos com saúde que excedem uma proporção predefinida dos gastos totais do domicílio, expondo os membros da família à vulnerabilidade financeira. Métodos: Foram realizadas 96 entrevistas nas cidades de Fortaleza e Rio de Janeiro numa amostra de conveniência, por meio de questionário sobre características sociodemográficas e gastos privados domiciliares associados à síndrome, o que também permitiu estimar gastos catastróficos decorrentes do cuidado à SCZ. Resultados: A maioria das mães entrevistadas no estudo era parda, com menos de 34 anos, desempregada e com renda familiar mensal igual ou inferior a dois salários mínimos. Os gastos com medicamentos representaram 77,6% dos gastos médicos, enquanto transporte e alimentação foram os principais componentes dos gastos não médicos, respondendo por 79% desse total. Os domicílios afetados eram, em grande parte, de baixa renda e sofreram gastos catastróficos devido à doença. Considerando a métrica de renda familiar, em 41,7% dos domicílios, os gastos com a doença da criança ultrapassaram 10% da renda familiar. Conclusão: As políticas públicas devem considerar as necessidades financeiras e de saúde dessas famílias para garantir o suporte adequado aos indivíduos acometidos pela SCZ.


Subject(s)
Zika Virus Infection , Catastrophic Health Expenditure
7.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 55: e0263, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407004

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus. It was first isolated from a sentinel monkey in Uganda in 1947. More recently, ZIKV has undergone rapid geographic expansion and has been responsible for outbreaks in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, and America. In this review, we have highlighted the influence of viral genetic variants on ZIKV pathogenesis. Two major ZIKV genotypes (African and Asian) have been identified. The Asian genotype is subdivided into Southwest Asia, Pacific Island, and American strains, and is responsible for most outbreaks. Non-synonymous mutations in ZIKV proteins C, prM, E, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, and NS4B were found to have a higher prevalence and association with virulent strains of the Asian genotype. Consequently, the Asian genotype appears to have acquired higher cellular permissiveness, tissue persistence, and viral tropism in human neural cells. Therefore, mutations in specific coding regions of the Asian genotype may enhance ZIKV infectivity. Considering that mutations in the genomes of emerging viruses may lead to new virulent variants in humans, there is a potential for the re-emergence of new ZIKV cases in the future.

8.
Rev. cuba. oftalmol ; 34(4)dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1409012

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones por arbovirus constituyen un reto significativo para los sistemas de salud. Cada vez se incrementa el reconocimiento de complicaciones del sistema nervioso central secundarias a ellas, lo que puede ser un dilema para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Los arbovirus pueden alterar los mecanismos de inmunidad innatos del ojo al dañar las barreras óculo-hemáticas. En esta revisión nos propusimos caracterizar los principales hallazgos oftalmológicos de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquito, como el dengue, el zika y el chikungunya, y su posible fisiopatología. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura sobre el tema en la base de datos de PubMED. En los pacientes con zika y chikungunya se reconocieron frecuentemente la conjuntivitis no purulenta y la queratitis. En los casos de dengue el edema macular y las hemorragias retinianas maculares fueron frecuentes; causaron disminución de la visión y defectos campimétricos; la vasculitis y coriorretinitis periférica podía ser asintomática si la mácula no estaba comprometida. Estuvieron implicados la trombocitopenia y otros procesos fisiopatológicos. En las enfermedades estudiadas se reportaron casos raros con parálisis de nervios oculomotores o neuritis óptica como respuesta autoinmune tardía. Recientemente se reportó el síndrome de zika congénito que incluyó múltiples anomalías del desarrollo. En los neonatos afectados se describió la atrofia macular, así como la pigmentación macular bilateral, la hipoplasia del nervio óptico, la catarata, entre otros. Existen diversas lesiones oculares secundarias a infecciones por dengue, zika y chikungunya que merecen reconocimiento, pues deterioran la función visual temporal o permanentemente(AU)


Arbovirus infections pose a significant challenge to health systems. Awareness of the secondary central nervous system complications caused by these infections is on the increase, which may be a dilemma for their diagnosis and treatment. Arboviruses may alter the innate immunity mechanisms of the eye by damaging blood-retinal barriers. The objective of this review was to characterize the main ophthalmological findings of mosquito-borne diseases, such as dengue, zika and chikungunya, and their possible physiopathology. A bibliographic search about the topic was conducted in the database PubMed. Non-purulent conjunctivitis and keratitis were frequently found in zika and chikungunya patients. Dengue cases often presented macular edema and macular retinal hemorrhage, which caused vision reduction, as well as campimetric defects. Vasculitis and peripheral chorioretinitis could be asymptomatic if the macula was not involved. Thrombocytopenia and other physiopathological processes were also present. Oculomotor nerve palsy and optic neuritis as a late autoimmune response were rarely reported in the diseases studied. Recent reports refer to congenital zika syndrome, which causes multiple developmental abnormalities. Macular atrophy, bilateral macular pigmentation, optic nerve hypoplasia and cataract, among other disorders, were described in affected neonates. A variety of ocular lesions secondary to dengue, zika and chikungunya infection deserve recognition, for they damage visual function either temporarily or permanently(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Arbovirus Infections/etiology , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases , Dengue/physiopathology , Chikungunya Fever/physiopathology , Zika Virus Infection/physiopathology , Thrombocytopenia , Review Literature as Topic , Central Nervous System , Eye Injuries
9.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(11): e00228520, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350386

ABSTRACT

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the anthropometric measurements and body proportionalities of neonates born before the Zika virus epidemic with those born during this period. We compared 958 neonates born during the pre-Zika epidemic with 264 neonates born during the epidemic period. The newborns had their head circumference, weight, and length classified according to the Fenton & Kim growth chart. We considered disproportionate those individuals that presented microcephaly and adequate weight or length for sex and gestational age, and those whose head circumferences were lower than the ratio ((length / 2) + 9.5) - 2.5cm. We estimated the frequencies of Zika positivity and brain imaging findings among neonates with microcephaly born during the epidemic period, concerning the anthropometric and body proportionality parameters. Low weight and proportionate microcephaly were similar among newborns from both periods. However, the frequencies of newborns with microcephaly with a very low length and disproportionate microcephaly were higher among the neonates of the epidemic period with brain abnormalities and positive for Zika virus. We conclude that, at birth, the disproportion between head circumference and length can be an indicator of the severity of microcephaly caused by congenital Zika.


Resumo: O estudo buscou comparar as medidas antropométricas e proporções corporais de recém-nascidos do período pré-Zika com os nascidos durante a epidemia de microcefalia congênita pelo vírus Zika. Comparamos 958 recém-nascidos do período pré-Zika com 264 nascidos durante o período epidêmico. Foram classificados o perímetro cefálico, peso e comprimento dos neonatos de acordo com a escala de crescimento de Fenton & Kim. Consideramos desproporcionais aqueles neonatos que apresentaram microcefalia e peso ou comprimento adequado para sexo e idade gestacional, além daqueles cujo perímetros cefálicos eram menores que a razão ((comprimento / 2) + 9,5) -2,5cm. Estimamos as frequências de positividade para Zika e resultados de imagens de cerebrais entre bebês com microcefalia nascidos no período epidêmico, em relação aos parâmetros antropométricos e de proporcionalidade corporal. Baixo peso e microcefalia proporcional foram semelhantes entre recém-nascidos de ambos os períodos. Entretanto, as frequências de neonatos com microcefalia e com comprimento muito curto e microcefalia desproporcional foram muito maiores entre os nascidos no período epidêmico com anomalias cerebrais e positivos para Zika. Concluímos que a desproporção entre perímetro cefálico e comprimento ao nascer pode ser um indicador da gravidade da microcefalia causada pela síndrome congênita do Zika vírus.


Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las medidas antropométricas y de proporcionalidad corporal en neonatos nacidos durante un período pre-Zika, con quienes nacieron durante la epidemia de microcefalia por el síndrome congénito Zika. Comparamos a 958 neonatos nacidos durante la epidemia pre-Zika, con 264 neonatos nacidos durante el período epidémico. A los recién nacidos se les clasificó su circunferencia de la cabeza, peso y longitud según la tabla de crecimiento Fenton & Kim. Consideramos desproporcionados a quienes presentaron microcefalia y peso o longitud adecuada para sexo y edad gestacional, y quienes tenían unas circunferencias de cabeza cuyo ratio era menor que ((longitud / 2) + 9.5) - 2.5cm. Estimamos las frecuencias de positividad para Zika, así como los resultados de imágenes cerebrales entre neonatos nacidos con microcefalia durante el período epidémico, en relación con parámetros antropométricos y de proporcionalidad corporal. Bajo peso y microcefalia proporcional fueron similares entre los recién nacidos de ambos períodos. No obstante, las frecuencias de recién nacidos con microcefalia con una longitud muy baja y microcefalia desproporcionada fueron mayores entre los neonatos del período epidémico, con anormalidades cerebrales y positivos para Zika. Concluimos que la desproporción entre la circunferencia de cabeza y longitud al nacer puede ser un indicador de la gravedad de la microcefalia, causada por el Zika congénito.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Zika Virus , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Microcephaly/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cephalometry , Microcephaly/diagnostic imaging
10.
Interface (Botucatu, Online) ; 25: e200144, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286865

ABSTRACT

Desde 2015, a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV) marca o cenário brasileiro, extrapolando o campo da Saúde Pública com demandas da proteção social. Considerando a intersecção entre pobreza, deficiência e marcos da seguridade social, examina-se a Medida Provisória 894, que prevê renda mensal vitalícia para as crianças acometidas. Com o objetivo discutir o instrumento à luz dos marcos da seguridade social no recorte da transferência de renda não condicionada para as pessoas com deficiência (PcD) no Brasil, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo mediante análise de documentos públicos e revisão de literatura. As respostas estatais não produziram impacto na insuficiência de renda porque voltaram-se inicialmente para atender à situação emergencial, recorrendo às políticas preexistentes, e culminaram na substituição entre modalidades de transferência de renda - o Benefício de Prestação Continuada para Pensão Vitalícia -, revelando fragilização da proteção social integral. (AU)


Desde 2015 el Síndrome Congénito del Zika Virus (SCZV) marca el escenario brasileño, extrapolando el campo de la salud pública con demandas de la protección social. Considerando la intersección entre pobreza, discapacidad y marcos de la seguridad social, se examina la Medida Provisional 894 que prevé renta mensual vitalicia para los niños afectados. Con el objetivo de discutir el instrumento a la luz de los marcos de la seguridad social en el recorte de la transferencia de renta no condicionada para las Personas con Discapacidad (PcD) en Brasil, se realizó un estudio cualitativo mediante análisis de documentos públicos y revisión de literatura. Las respuestas estatales no causaron impacto en la insuficiencia de renta porque inicialmente se enfocaron para atender la situación de emergencia recurriendo a las políticas preexistentes y que culminaron en la substitución entre modalidades de transferencia de renta, el Beneficio de Prestación Continua para Pensión Vitalicia, revelando la fragilización de la protección social integral. (AU)


Since 2015, Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) has been a feature of the Brazilian context and has moved beyond public health to demands for social protection. Given the intersection between poverty, disability and the social security framework, we examine Provisional Measure 894, which provides a lifetime monthly income for affected children. We conduct a qualitative study, analysing public documents and reviewing the literature, in order to discuss this instrument in the light of social security frameworks for unconditional cash transfers for People with Disabilities (PwD) in Brazil. State responses did not have an impact on income insufficiencies, since they were initially intended to respond to emergency situations and referred to pre-existing policies; this culminated in an income transfer modality, the Continuous Cash Benefit, being replaced by a Lifetime Pension, demonstrating a weakening of comprehensive social protection. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Social Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Disabled Persons , Zika Virus Infection/economics , Brazil , Provisional Measures
11.
Rev. bras. educ. espec ; 27: e0056, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155819

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o processo de educação inclusiva das crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZv) matriculadas em Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil, Creche e Pré-escolas Primeiro Passos da Gerência Regional de Educação Cajazeiras e Pirajá de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Adotou-se como tipo de metodologia um estudo quali-quantitativo com abordagem transversal e análise descritiva, realizada no período entre junho e agosto de 2019, por meio de uma entrevista oral semiestruturada com 32 profissionais da educação. Os resultados expõem as barreiras físicas, pedagógicas e políticas encontradas nas unidades escolares que distanciam da proposta ideal para efetividade da inclusão escolar. Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que é necessária a formulação de políticas públicas e investimentos em capacitação profissional, reformulação estruturas arquitetônicas, planejamento pedagógico includente e aquisição de mobiliário e materiais adaptados, além da união entre a área da saúde e educação, aspectos que contribuem para os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento integral das crianças com SCZv.


ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to analyze the process of inclusive education of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome enrolled in Primeiro Passos Municipal Centers for Early Childhood Education, Nursery and Preschools of Cajazeiras and Pirajá Regional Educational Management of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. A qualitative and quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach and descriptive analysis was adopted as a type of methodology, carried out between June and August 2019, through a semi-structured oral interview with 32 education professionals. The results expose the physical, pedagogical and political barriers found in school units that distance them from the ideal proposal for the effectiveness of school inclusion. In view of the results obtained, it is concluded that it is necessary to formulate public policies and investments in professional training, reformulation of architectural structures, inclusive pedagogical planning and the acquisition of furniture and adapted materials, in addition to the union between the area of ​​health and education, aspects that contribute for the teaching-learning process and integral development of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome.

12.
Rev. MED ; 28(1): 51-57, ene.-jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143831

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El virus del Zika fue el responsable en Colombia de la segunda epidemia más grande del continente después de Brasil durante el período 2015-2017. Con 100.000 casos reportados, 19.963 gestantes infectadas y 248 casos de niños nacidos con microcefalia, la epidemia fue declarada como finalizada en el país en 2016. Es el causal del Síndrome Congénito por Zika (SCZ), sospechado por primera vez en Río de Janeiro donde se estableció la relación entre la infección por Zika en gestantes y el aumento en la incidencia de microcefalias. Posteriormente se plantearía toda una serie de alteraciones congénitas en el feto a nivel neurológico, sensorial y osteomuscular confirmando así el efecto teratogénico del virus. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de cuatro meses y veinte días de edad que procede del área rural de Ibagué y que acude al programa madre canguro de la Unidad Materno Infantil del Tolima (UMIT); presenta diagnóstico de microcefalia asociada a neuroinfección congénita por Zika con prueba confirmatoria RT-PCR de la madre por parte del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Presenta hallazgos imagenológicos, físicos y clínicos como un perímetro cefálico que persiste por debajo de -3SD, trastorno del tono y un Retardo en el Desarrollo Psicomotor (RDPM) severo con una edad neurológica de tres meses persistente en todos los controles. Atrofia cortical, microcalcificaciones periventriculares y gangliobasales, y ventriculomegalia. Se trata del primero de veintiún pacientes con sospecha clínica y confirmación con hallazgos similares a los presentados en la literatura. La importancia de la detección de estos casos radica en el riesgo neurológico que se presenta por el compromiso motor, cognitivo y sensorial. También en la diferenciación con las secuelas neurológicas por TORCH y de alteraciones cromosómicas.


Abstract: The Zika virus was responsible in Colombia for the second largest epidemic on the continent after Brazil during the 2015-2017 period. With 100,000 reported cases, 19,963 infected pregnant women and 248 cases of children born with microcephaly, the epidemic was declared to have ended in the country in 2016. It is the cause of the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), suspected for the first time in Rio de Janeiro where the relationship between Zika infection in pregnant women and the increase in the incidence of microcephaly was established. Subsequently, a whole series of congenital disorders in the fetus would be considered at the neurological, sensory, and musculoskeletal levels, thus confirming the teratogenic effect of the virus. The case of a four-month and twenty-day old patient coming from the rural area of Ibagué and attending the kangaroo mother program of the Maternal and Child Unit of Tolima (UMIT) is presented. The child was diagnosed with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika neuroinfection confirmed by RT-PCR test to the mother by the National Institute of Health. It presents imaging, physical, and clinical findings such as a head circumference persistently below -3SD, tone disorder, and a severe Psychomotor Development Retardation (PDR) with a persistent neurological age of three months in all controls. Cortical atrophy, periventricular and basal ganglia micro-calcification, and ventriculomegaly. This is the first of twenty-one patients with clinical suspicion and confirmation with findings similar to those presented in the literature. The importance of detecting these cases lies in the neurological risk presented by motor, cognitive and sensory involvement and also in the differentiation with TORCH neurological sequelae and chromosomal abnormalities.


Resumo: O vírus do Zika foi o responsável na Colômbia pela segunda maior epidemia do continente depois do Brasil entre 2015 e 2017. Com 100.000 casos relatados, 19.963 gestantes infectadas e 248 casos de recém-nascidos com microcefalia, a epidemia foi declarada como finalizada no país em 2016. É a causa da síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika, suspeita pela primeira vez no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, onde foi estabelecida a relação entre a infecção pelo vírus Zika em gestantes e o aumento da incidência de mi-crocefalias. Em seguida, são apresentadas alterações congénitas no feto em nível neurológico, sensorial e osteomuscular, o que confirma o efeito teratogênico do vírus. É apresentado o caso de um paciente de quatro meses e vinte dias de idade que procede da área rural de Ibagué, Colômbia, e que recorre ao programa "mãe canguru" da Unidade Materno-Infantil de Tolima; apresenta diagnóstico de microcefalia associada à neuroinfecção congênita pelo vírus Zika com teste confirmatório RT-PCR da mãe, realizado pelo Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Colômbia. Apresenta achados imagenológicos, físicos e clínicos como um perímetro cefálico que persiste abaixo de -3SD, transtorno do tom e um atraso no desenvolvimento psicomotor agudo com uma rede neurológica de três meses persistente em todas as revisões. Atrofia cortical, microcalcificações periventriculares e dos gânglios da base, e ventriculomegalia. Trata-se do primeiro de 21 pacientes com suspeita clínica e confirmação com achados semelhantes aos apresentados na literatura. A importância da detecção desses casos está no risco neurológico apresentado pelo comprometimento motor, cognitivo e sensorial. Também na diferenciação com as sequelas neurológicas por TORCH e alterações cromossômicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pregnancy , Infant , Microcephaly , Congenital Abnormalities , Zika Virus , Zika Virus Infection
13.
Saúde Soc ; 29(2): e200064, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127364

ABSTRACT

Resumo Desde 2015 a população brasileira vive com as repercussões da epidemia de Zika, levantando o debate sobre as dificuldades de diagnóstico e acesso aos cuidados para crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika. As regiões Nordeste e Sudeste foram as mais atingidas, desafiando-nos a caracterizar o acesso à saúde das crianças portadoras da Síndrome Congênita do Zika nessas regiões. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a disponibilidade e a acessibilidade dos serviços de saúde para a reabilitação das crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia consistiu no mapeamento dos casos de Síndrome Congênita do Zika entre 2015 e 2017 na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro por bairros de residência e relacionados com a localização das unidades de reabilitação indicadas no Protocolo da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro. Como resultado foram identificados 202 casos de Síndrome Congênita do Zika na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro no período de 2015 a 2017. A região teve 85% de todos os casos do estado do Rio de Janeiro, o município do Rio de Janeiro concentrou 63% dos casos. A acessibilidade nesse município é a melhor se comparada com os demais da região metropolitana, dado que é a capital do estado e concentra grande parte dos serviços especializados em saúde materno-infantil.


Abstract Since 2015, the Brazilian population has lived with the repercussions of the Zika epidemic, raising the debate on the difficulties of diagnosis and access to care for children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). The Northeast and Southeast regions were the hardest hit, challenging us to characterize the access to health of children with ZCS in these regions. The aim of this paper is to analyse the availability and accessibility of health services for the rehabilitation of children with CZS in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (RMRJ). The methodology consisted of mapping the cases of CZS between 2015 and 2017 in RJRM by neighbourhoods of residence and related to the location of rehabilitation units indicated in the Protocol of the Rio de Janeiro State Secretariat of Health (SES/RJ). As a result, 202 cases of CZS were identified in the RMRJ from 2015 to 2017. The RMRJ had 85% of all cases in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the municipality of Rio de Janeiro concentrated 63% of the cases. Accessibility in this municipality is better compared to the others in the RMRJ, as it is the state capital and concentrates most of the specialized services in maternal and child health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Metropolitan Zones , Zika Virus Infection , Health Services , Health Services Accessibility
14.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 117(6): 635-639, dic. 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1046601

ABSTRACT

En 2015, se observó un incremento en la incidencia de microcefalia congénita en recién nacidos en Brasil. Meses más tarde, se descubrió la relación causal entre el virus del Zika y estos hallazgos. Durante el primer brote en la Argentina, se reportaron 5 casos de síndrome de Zika congénito. En 2017, hubo un nuevo brote que involucró la provincia de Salta. En este trabajo, se presentan 2 casos clínicos con síndrome de Zika congénito autóctonos: una paciente con microcefalia congénita grave con lisencefalia, calcificaciones corticosubcorticales y ventriculomegalia y otra paciente con microcefalia posnatal con polimicrogiria asimétrica y calcificaciones subcorticales y retraso en la mielinización. El real impacto de esta enfermedad aún es incierto; es necesario un adecuado seguimiento multidisciplinario de los pacientes expuestos al virus del Zika para comprender mejor la infección y su historia natural.


In 2015, there was an increase in the incidence of congenital microcephaly in newborns in Brazil. Months later, the causal relationship between Zika virus and these findings was discovered. In Argentina, during the first outbreak there were 5 cases of congenital Zika syndrome reported. In 2017, there was a new outbreak which involved Salta province. We describe 2 patients with autochthonous congenital Zika syndrome: one of the babies with severe congenital microcephaly with lissencephaly, calcifications and ventriculomegaly; and another baby with postnatal microcephaly with asymmetric polymicrogyria, calcifications and delayed myelination. The real impact of this disease is still uncertain, so it is necessary an adequate multidisciplinary monitoring of patients exposed to Zika virus to better understand the infection and its natural history.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/congenital , Microcephaly
15.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 52: e20190105, 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013307

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Clinical and epidemiological data on suspected congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) cases from southern Mato Grosso (MT) in Brazil during the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015-2016 were evaluated. METHODS: This is a descriptive case series study of newborns whose mothers were suspected cases of ZIKV infections during their pregnancies. The medical records of all the suspected CZS cases (mothers and newborns) treated by the specialized ambulatory service from June 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty suspected CZS cases were included in these analyses. They were categorized into four groups based on the clinical and laboratory findings: confirmed cases (n=1), highly probable cases (n=13), moderately probable cases (n=5), and somewhat probable cases (n=1). The mothers tested negative for STORCH (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex) and other important congenital infections; however, specific ZIKV tests were not performed during the study period. Microcephaly was observed in the majority of these newborns, and all the patients showed altered cranial computed tomography image findings. Extracranial abnormalities such as arthrogryposis, and otological and ophthalmological manifestations were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although ZIKV was not confirmed to cause the congenital malformations, this study demonstrated that the clinical and epidemiological findings associated with a STORCH exclusion strengthened the CZS diagnosis. The suspected cases in MT occurred simultaneously with the first CZS cases reported in Brazil, suggesting ZIKV circulation in the study region during the same period.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Zika Virus/isolation & purification , Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis , Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology , Microcephaly/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/congenital
16.
Rev. Pesqui. Fisioter ; 8(2): 147-154, maio, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-912858

ABSTRACT

Introdução: No Brasil, a epidemia ocasionada pelo Zika Vírus gerou aumento de casos de microcefalia, caracterizando que mulheres infectadas durante o período gestacional transmitiram o vírus ao feto. As consequências da infecção pelo vírus são caracterizadas como síndrome pós Zika, evidenciadas através da microcefalia associada, ou não, às alterações visuais, auditivas e osteomioarticulares, podendo ser reversíveis ou permanentes. Objetivo: Detectar atrasos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças acometidas no período pré-natal pelo Zika Vírus através da infecção materna. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional, de corte transversal e análise descritiva, com crianças que foram infectadas pelo Zika Vírus através da genitora durante período gestacional, pertencentes à Associação de Pais de Anjos da Bahia, sendo os participantes submetidos à avaliação com o teste de Denver II e seus responsáveis entrevistados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado. Estudo aprovado sob CAAE: Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, com parecer de número 2.064.548 sob CAAE 64655616.2.0000.5032, aprovado em 15 de maio de 2017. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 8 crianças, 5(62,5%) do sexo feminino, com uma média de idade de 1,8±0,11 anos e perímetro cefálico de 29,5±1,5 centímetros. Houve predomínio de diagnóstico de Zika das gestantes no primeiro trimestre (37,5%). Das comorbidades associadas 7 (87,5%) alteração osteomioarticular, 5(62,5%) história prévia de convulsão. Disfunções: 5(62,5%) comprometimento visual e 1(12,5%) déficit auditiva. Conclusão: É possível constatar que crianças com síndrome pós-Zika apresentam atrasos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor com preponderância no aspecto motor grosseiro do teste de Denver II. [AU]


Introduction: In Brazil, an epidemic caused by Zika Virus generated an increase in cases of microcephaly in live births, characterizing that women infected during the period of gestation transmitted the virus to the fetus. The consequences of virus infection are characterized as congenital Zika syndrome and can be evidenced through microcephaly associated with or not, to visual, auditory and osteomioarticular, may be reversible or permanent. Objective: To detect delays in neuropsychomotor development in children affected in the prenatal period by Zika Virus through maternal infection. Materials and Methods: Observational study, cross-sectional with descriptive analysis in children diagnosed with Zika Vírus belonging to the Associação de Pais de Anjos da Bahia, the participants were submitted to the Denver II test and their responsible interviews through a semi-structured questionnaire. Study approved, CAAE: Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências da cidade de Salvador, Bahia, com parecer de número 2.064.548 sob CAAE 64655616.2.0000.5032, aprovado em 15 de maio de 2017. Results: Eight children were evaluated, 5 (62.5%) female, with a mean age of 1.8 ± 0.11 years and cephalic perimeter of 29.5±1.5 centimeters. There was a predominance of Zika's diagnosis of pregnant women in the first trimester (37.5%). Of the associated comorbidities, all children had microcephaly, 7(87.5%) osteomioarticular alterations, 5(62.5%) had previous convulsion. Disorders: 5(62.5%) impairment visual and 1(12.5%) had a hearing loss. All children presented repercussion in the neuropsychomotor development, with preponderance in aspect gross motor of the test of Denver II. Conclusion: It is possible to verify that children with congenital Zika syndrome present delays in neuropsicomotor development with preponderance in aspect gross motor of the test of Denver II. [AU]


Subject(s)
Child , Psychomotor Performance , Zika Virus , Zika Virus Infection
17.
Radiol. bras ; 50(5): 314-322, Sept.-Oct. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896122

ABSTRACT

Abstract Although infection with the Zika virus was first recognized in 1942, it received little attention until 2007, when a true pandemic spread throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Since then, numerous forms of central nervous system involvement have been described, mainly malformations related to congenital infection. Although the neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome are not pathognomonic, many are quite suggestive of the diagnosis, and radiologists should be prepared to interpret such findings accordingly. The objective of this article is to review the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in congenital Zika syndrome.


Resumo A infecção pelo vírus Zika, apesar de conhecida desde 1942, apresentou destaque somente a partir de 2007, quando uma verdadeira pandemia se espalhou pela África, Ásia e Américas. Durante este período, numerosas formas de acometimento do sistema nervoso central têm sido descritas, principalmente as malformações relacionadas a infecção congênita. Apesar de os achados de neuroimagem na síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika não serem patognomônicos, muitos são bastante sugestivos, devendo o radiologista estar preparado para saber interpretar e sugerir o diagnóstico. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar os achados de tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética da síndrome congênita pelo vírus Zika.

18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 112(5): 319-327, May 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-841798

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the peculiar conditions that favoured the unexpected introduction of Zika virus into the poorest northeastern region of Brazil in 2015, its speed of transmission to other Brazilian states, other Latin American countries and other regions, and the severity of related neurological disorders in newborns and adults. Contrasting with evidence that Zika had so far caused only mild cases in humans in the last six decades, the epidemiological scenario of this outbreak in Brazil indicates dramatic health effects: in 2015, an increase of 20-fold in notified cases of microcephaly and/or central nervous system (CNS) alterations suggestive of Zika congenital infection, followed by an exponential increase in 2016, with 2366 cumulative cases confirmed in the country by the end of December 2016. A significant increase in Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults has also been reported. Factors involved in viral dissemination, neural pathogenesis and routes of transmission in Brazil are examined, such as the role of social and environmental factors and the controversies involved in the hypothesis of antibody-dependent enhancement, to explain the incidence of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil. Responses to the Zika outbreak and the development of new products are also discussed.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy Complications/virology , Dengue/immunology , Dengue/epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Zika Virus Infection/immunology , Zika Virus Infection/transmission , Microcephaly/virology , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Disease Notification , Spatial Analysis
19.
Infection and Chemotherapy ; : 91-100, 2017.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-105550

ABSTRACT

Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in Asia from mosquitoes from Malaysia in 1966. However, the incidence of Zika and Zika-related neurological complications in Asia is not well known. The few studies of Zika in Asia have been inconsistent in pointing to likely transmission levels, with some studies suggesting substantial transmission and others not. Interpretation of existing epidemiological and public health data from Asia is constrained by the non-specific symptomatology of Zika, the high proportion of subclinical ZIKV infections, relatively low viremia, and the lack of accurate serological assays. Here, we update the status of Zika cases from countries in Asia, and highlight some key knowledge gaps. In particular, accurate determinations of the incidence of Zika-related congenital Zika syndrome should be a priority for Zika research in Asia. Additional information will be critical to make informed strategies for the prevention and control of this global public health threat.


Subject(s)
Asia , Culicidae , Guillain-Barre Syndrome , Incidence , Malaysia , Public Health , Viremia , Zika Virus
20.
Neonatal Medicine ; : 110-115, 2017.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-44065

ABSTRACT

Zika virus infection is, typically, either asymptomatic or causes mild illness; however, it may present severe clinical manifestations in neonates. Zika virus can be transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus, subsequently causing microcephaly and serious brain anomalies. Recently, the full spectrum of anomalies in neonates congenitally infected by Zika virus has been delineated as congenital Zika syndrome. Five major features are unique to congenital Zika syndrome: severe microcephaly with a partially collapsed skull, thin cerebral cortices with subcortical calcifications, macular scarring and focal pigment mottling of the retina, congenital contractures, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Recognition of this phenotype in neonates and infants by clinicians can help ensure appropriate etiologic evaluation of Zika virus infection and determine the required duration of follow-up and clinical care. Neonates with congenital Zika virus infection should be evaluated by a team of multiple specialists within the first year of life; the evaluations should include assessments of vision, hearing, feeding, growth, and neurodevelopmental function. Moreover, it is recommended that infants who show laboratory evidence of congenital Zika virus infection without apparent abnormalities be continuously monitored and screened by the primary care provider; repeated hearing tests should be carried out for such infants.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Brain , Cerebral Cortex , Cicatrix , Contracture , Culicidae , Fetus , Follow-Up Studies , Hearing , Hearing Tests , Microcephaly , Phenotype , Pregnant Women , Primary Health Care , Retina , Skull , Specialization , Zika Virus Infection , Zika Virus
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